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TIME Almanac 1995.iso
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<text id=93AT0879>
<title>
Delaware--History
</title>
<history>
Compact ALMANAC--United States Directory
Delaware
</history>
<article>
<source>Compact</source>
<hdr>
History
</hdr>
<body>
<p> Early Explorations of Delaware's coastline were made by the
Spaniards and Portuguese in the sixteenth century, by Henry
Hudson in 1609 under the auspices of the Dutch, by Samuel Argall
in 1610, by Cornelius May in 1613, and by Cornelius Hendrickson
in 1614. During a storm Argall was blown off course and sailed
into a strange bay which he named in honor of his governor. It
is doubtful that Lord De La Warr ever saw, or explored the bay,
river, or state that bears his name. In 1631, 11 years after the
landing of the English pilgrims at Plymouth, Massachusetts, the
first white settlement was made on Delaware soil. A group of
Dutch settlers formed a trading company for the purpose of
enriching themselves from the New World. The expedition of about
30 people sailed from the town of Hoorn, and made their
settlement called Zwaanendeal,(which means valley of the swans)
near to modern day Lewes.
</p>
<p> Arriving in the New World in 1632 to visit the colony,
Captain de Vries found the settlers had been killed and their
buildings burned by the Indians.
</p>
<p> No further attempts were made at colonization on Delaware
soil until 1638, when the swedes established their colony in
present Wilmington, which was not only the first permanent
settlement in Delaware, but in the whole Delaware River Valley
and North America. The location of the first Swedish settlement
was at "The Rocks" on the Christina River. A fort was built
called Fort Christina after the young queen of Sweden.
</p>
<p> In 1655, Peter Stuyvesant came from New Amsterdam with a
Dutch fleet, subjugated the Swedish forts, and established the
authority of the colony of New Netherlands throughout the area
formerly controlled by the Colony of New Sweden. This marked the
end of Swedish rule in Delaware.
</p>
<p> Following the seizure of the colony of New Sweden the Dutch
restored the name of Fort Casmir and made it the principle
settlement. In a short time, the area within the fort was not
large enough to accommodate all the settlers so that a town,
named New Amstel (now New Castle), was laid out.
</p>
<p> The tear 1681 marked the granting of the Province of
Pennsylvania to William Penn by King Charles II and the arrival
of Penn's agents on the Delaware River. They soon reported to
the proprietor that the new province would be landlocked if the
colonies on either side of the Delaware River or Bay were
hostile. As a result of Penn's position to the Crown for the
land west of the Delaware River and Bay below his province, the
Duke of York in March 1682 conveyed, by deeds and leases, the
land including the Counties of New Castle, St. Jones, and Deale.
On October 27 of the same year, William Penn landed in America
first at New Castle, and there took possession from the Duck of
York's agents as Proprietor of the Lower Counties. On this
occasion, the colonists subscribed an oath of allegiance to the
new proprietor. The following year, the three Lower Colonies
were annexed to the Province of Pennsylvania as territories with
full privileges under Penn's famous "Frame of Government".
</p>
<p> After 1682, a long dispute ensued between William Penn and
Lord Baltimore of the Province of Maryland as to the exact
dominion controlled by Penn on the lower Delaware.
</p>
<p> The disputes continued between the heirs of Baltimore and
Penn until almost the end of the colonial period. In 1776,
Delaware not only declared itself free from the British Empire,
but also established a state government entirely separate from
Pennsylvania. Delaware's boundaries were surveyed in 1763-68 by
the noted English scientists, Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon.
</p>
<p> With the advent of the Revolution nearly 4,000 men enlisted
for service in the small state. The colonial wars had built up
a militia system and supplied a number of capable officers who
led the troops of Delaware in all the principal engagements from
the battle of Long Island to the siege of Yorktown. The only
Revolutionary engagement fought on Delaware soil was the battle
of Cooch's Bridge, near Newark, on September 3, 1777.
</p>
<p> When the new Constitution was submitted to the states for
ratification, Delaware was the first of the thirteen original
states to ratify the Constitution of the United States. This
unanimous ratification took place in a convention at Dover on
December 7, 1787, whereby Delaware became "The First State" of
the new Federal Union.
</p>
<p>Source: State of Delaware.
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>